PROJECT-CONTORL/backend/app/services/trigger_scheduler.py

"""
Scheduled Trigger Execution Service

This module provides functionality for parsing cron expressions and executing
scheduled triggers based on their cron schedule, including deadline reminders.
"""

import uuid
import logging
import time
from datetime import datetime, timezone, timedelta
from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Any, Tuple, Set

from croniter import croniter
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
from sqlalchemy import and_

from app.models import Trigger, TriggerLog, Task, Project
from app.services.notification_service import NotificationService

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Key prefix for tracking deadline reminders already sent
DEADLINE_REMINDER_LOG_TYPE = "deadline_reminder"

# Retry configuration
MAX_RETRIES = 3
BASE_DELAY_SECONDS = 1  # 1s, 2s, 4s exponential backoff


class TriggerSchedulerService:
    """Service for scheduling and executing cron-based triggers."""

    @staticmethod
    def parse_cron_expression(expression: str) -> Tuple[bool, Optional[str]]:
        """
        Validate a cron expression.

        Args:
            expression: A cron expression string (e.g., "0 9 * * 1-5" for weekdays at 9am)

        Returns:
            Tuple of (is_valid, error_message)
            - is_valid: True if the expression is valid
            - error_message: None if valid, otherwise an error description
        """
        try:
            # croniter requires a base time for initialization
            base_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            croniter(expression, base_time)
            return True, None
        except (ValueError, KeyError) as e:
            return False, f"Invalid cron expression: {str(e)}"

    @staticmethod
    def get_next_run_time(expression: str, base_time: Optional[datetime] = None) -> Optional[datetime]:
        """
        Get the next scheduled run time for a cron expression.

        Args:
            expression: A cron expression string
            base_time: The base time to calculate from (defaults to now)

        Returns:
            The next datetime when the schedule matches, or None if invalid
        """
        try:
            if base_time is None:
                base_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            cron = croniter(expression, base_time)
            return cron.get_next(datetime)
        except (ValueError, KeyError):
            return None

    @staticmethod
    def get_previous_run_time(expression: str, base_time: Optional[datetime] = None) -> Optional[datetime]:
        """
        Get the previous scheduled run time for a cron expression.

        Args:
            expression: A cron expression string
            base_time: The base time to calculate from (defaults to now)

        Returns:
            The previous datetime when the schedule matched, or None if invalid
        """
        try:
            if base_time is None:
                base_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
            cron = croniter(expression, base_time)
            return cron.get_prev(datetime)
        except (ValueError, KeyError):
            return None

    @staticmethod
    def should_trigger(
        trigger: Trigger,
        current_time: datetime,
        last_execution_time: Optional[datetime] = None,
    ) -> bool:
        """
        Check if a schedule trigger should fire based on its cron expression.

        A trigger should fire if:
        1. It's a schedule-type trigger and is active
        2. Its conditions contain a valid cron expression
        3. The cron schedule has matched since the last execution

        Args:
            trigger: The trigger to evaluate
            current_time: The current time to check against
            last_execution_time: The time of the last successful execution

        Returns:
            True if the trigger should fire, False otherwise
        """
        # Only process schedule triggers
        if trigger.trigger_type != "schedule":
            return False

        if not trigger.is_active:
            return False

        # Get cron expression from conditions
        conditions = trigger.conditions or {}
        cron_expression = conditions.get("cron_expression")

        if not cron_expression:
            logger.warning(f"Trigger {trigger.id} has no cron_expression in conditions")
            return False

        # Validate cron expression
        is_valid, error = TriggerSchedulerService.parse_cron_expression(cron_expression)
        if not is_valid:
            logger.warning(f"Trigger {trigger.id} has invalid cron: {error}")
            return False

        # Get the previous scheduled time before current_time
        prev_scheduled = TriggerSchedulerService.get_previous_run_time(cron_expression, current_time)
        if prev_scheduled is None:
            return False

        # If no last execution, check if we're within the execution window (5 minutes)
        if last_execution_time is None:
            # Only trigger if the scheduled time was within the last 5 minutes
            window_seconds = 300  # 5 minutes
            time_since_scheduled = (current_time - prev_scheduled).total_seconds()
            return 0 <= time_since_scheduled < window_seconds

        # Trigger if the previous scheduled time is after the last execution
        return prev_scheduled > last_execution_time

    @staticmethod
    def get_last_execution_time(db: Session, trigger_id: str) -> Optional[datetime]:
        """
        Get the last successful execution time for a trigger.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger_id: The trigger ID

        Returns:
            The datetime of the last successful execution, or None
        """
        last_log = db.query(TriggerLog).filter(
            TriggerLog.trigger_id == trigger_id,
            TriggerLog.status == "success",
        ).order_by(TriggerLog.executed_at.desc()).first()

        return last_log.executed_at if last_log else None

    @staticmethod
    def execute_scheduled_triggers(db: Session) -> List[TriggerLog]:
        """
        Main execution function that evaluates and executes all scheduled triggers.

        This function should be called periodically (e.g., every minute) by a scheduler.

        Args:
            db: Database session

        Returns:
            List of TriggerLog entries for executed triggers
        """
        logs: List[TriggerLog] = []
        current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)

        # Get all active schedule-type triggers
        triggers = db.query(Trigger).filter(
            Trigger.trigger_type == "schedule",
            Trigger.is_active == True,
        ).all()

        logger.info(f"Evaluating {len(triggers)} scheduled triggers at {current_time}")

        for trigger in triggers:
            try:
                # Get last execution time
                last_execution = TriggerSchedulerService.get_last_execution_time(db, trigger.id)

                # Check if trigger should fire
                if TriggerSchedulerService.should_trigger(trigger, current_time, last_execution):
                    logger.info(f"Executing scheduled trigger: {trigger.name} (ID: {trigger.id})")
                    log = TriggerSchedulerService._execute_trigger(db, trigger)
                    logs.append(log)

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error evaluating trigger {trigger.id}: {e}")
                # Log the error
                error_log = TriggerSchedulerService._log_execution(
                    db=db,
                    trigger=trigger,
                    status="failed",
                    details={"error_type": type(e).__name__},
                    error_message=str(e),
                )
                logs.append(error_log)

        if logs:
            db.commit()
            logger.info(f"Executed {len(logs)} scheduled triggers")

        return logs

    @staticmethod
    def _execute_trigger(db: Session, trigger: Trigger) -> TriggerLog:
        """
        Execute a scheduled trigger's actions with retry mechanism.

        Implements exponential backoff retry (1s, 2s, 4s) for transient failures.
        After max retries are exhausted, marks as permanently failed and sends alert.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The trigger to execute

        Returns:
            TriggerLog entry for this execution
        """
        return TriggerSchedulerService._execute_trigger_with_retry(
            db=db,
            trigger=trigger,
            task_id=None,
            log_type="schedule",
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _execute_trigger_with_retry(
        db: Session,
        trigger: Trigger,
        task_id: Optional[str] = None,
        log_type: str = "schedule",
    ) -> TriggerLog:
        """
        Execute trigger actions with exponential backoff retry.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The trigger to execute
            task_id: Optional task ID for context (deadline reminders)
            log_type: Type of trigger execution for logging

        Returns:
            TriggerLog entry for this execution
        """
        actions = trigger.actions if isinstance(trigger.actions, list) else [trigger.actions]
        executed_actions = []
        last_error = None
        attempt = 0

        while attempt < MAX_RETRIES:
            attempt += 1
            executed_actions = []
            last_error = None

            try:
                logger.info(
                    f"Executing trigger {trigger.id} (attempt {attempt}/{MAX_RETRIES})"
                )

                for action in actions:
                    action_type = action.get("type")

                    if action_type == "notify":
                        TriggerSchedulerService._execute_notify_action(db, action, trigger)
                        executed_actions.append({"type": action_type, "status": "success"})

                    # Add more action types here as needed

                # Success - return log
                logger.info(f"Trigger {trigger.id} executed successfully on attempt {attempt}")
                return TriggerSchedulerService._log_execution(
                    db=db,
                    trigger=trigger,
                    status="success",
                    details={
                        "trigger_name": trigger.name,
                        "trigger_type": log_type,
                        "cron_expression": trigger.conditions.get("cron_expression") if trigger.conditions else None,
                        "actions_executed": executed_actions,
                        "attempts": attempt,
                    },
                    error_message=None,
                    task_id=task_id,
                )

            except Exception as e:
                last_error = e
                executed_actions.append({"type": "error", "message": str(e)})
                logger.warning(
                    f"Trigger {trigger.id} failed on attempt {attempt}/{MAX_RETRIES}: {e}"
                )

                # Calculate exponential backoff delay
                if attempt < MAX_RETRIES:
                    delay = BASE_DELAY_SECONDS * (2 ** (attempt - 1))
                    logger.info(f"Retrying trigger {trigger.id} in {delay}s...")
                    time.sleep(delay)

        # All retries exhausted - permanent failure
        logger.error(
            f"Trigger {trigger.id} permanently failed after {MAX_RETRIES} attempts: {last_error}"
        )

        # Send alert notification for permanent failure
        TriggerSchedulerService._send_failure_alert(db, trigger, str(last_error), MAX_RETRIES)

        return TriggerSchedulerService._log_execution(
            db=db,
            trigger=trigger,
            status="permanently_failed",
            details={
                "trigger_name": trigger.name,
                "trigger_type": log_type,
                "cron_expression": trigger.conditions.get("cron_expression") if trigger.conditions else None,
                "actions_executed": executed_actions,
                "attempts": MAX_RETRIES,
                "permanent_failure": True,
            },
            error_message=f"Failed after {MAX_RETRIES} retries: {last_error}",
            task_id=task_id,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _send_failure_alert(
        db: Session,
        trigger: Trigger,
        error_message: str,
        attempts: int,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Send alert notification when trigger exhausts all retries.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The failed trigger
            error_message: The last error message
            attempts: Number of attempts made
        """
        try:
            # Notify the project owner about the failure
            project = trigger.project
            if not project:
                logger.warning(f"Cannot send failure alert: trigger {trigger.id} has no project")
                return

            target_user_id = project.owner_id
            if not target_user_id:
                logger.warning(f"Cannot send failure alert: project {project.id} has no owner")
                return

            message = (
                f"Trigger '{trigger.name}' has permanently failed after {attempts} attempts. "
                f"Last error: {error_message}"
            )

            NotificationService.create_notification(
                db=db,
                user_id=target_user_id,
                notification_type="trigger_failure",
                reference_type="trigger",
                reference_id=trigger.id,
                title=f"Trigger Failed: {trigger.name}",
                message=message,
            )

            logger.info(f"Sent failure alert for trigger {trigger.id} to user {target_user_id}")

        except Exception as e:
            logger.error(f"Failed to send failure alert for trigger {trigger.id}: {e}")

    @staticmethod
    def _execute_notify_action(db: Session, action: Dict[str, Any], trigger: Trigger) -> None:
        """
        Execute a notify action for a scheduled trigger.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            action: The action configuration
            trigger: The parent trigger
        """
        target = action.get("target", "project_owner")
        template = action.get("template", "Scheduled trigger '{trigger_name}' has fired")

        # For scheduled triggers, we typically notify project-level users
        project = trigger.project
        if not project:
            logger.warning(f"Trigger {trigger.id} has no associated project")
            return

        target_user_id = TriggerSchedulerService._resolve_target(project, target)
        if not target_user_id:
            logger.debug(f"No target user resolved for trigger {trigger.id} with target '{target}'")
            return

        # Format message with variables
        message = TriggerSchedulerService._format_template(template, trigger, project)

        NotificationService.create_notification(
            db=db,
            user_id=target_user_id,
            notification_type="scheduled_trigger",
            reference_type="trigger",
            reference_id=trigger.id,
            title=f"Scheduled: {trigger.name}",
            message=message,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _resolve_target(project: Project, target: str) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Resolve notification target to user ID.

        Args:
            project: The project context
            target: Target specification (e.g., "project_owner", "user:<id>")

        Returns:
            User ID or None
        """
        if target == "project_owner":
            return project.owner_id
        elif target.startswith("user:"):
            return target.split(":", 1)[1]
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def _format_template(template: str, trigger: Trigger, project: Project) -> str:
        """
        Format message template with trigger/project variables.

        Args:
            template: Template string with {variable} placeholders
            trigger: The trigger context
            project: The project context

        Returns:
            Formatted message string
        """
        replacements = {
            "{trigger_name}": trigger.name,
            "{trigger_id}": trigger.id,
            "{project_name}": project.title if project else "Unknown",
            "{project_id}": project.id if project else "Unknown",
        }

        result = template
        for key, value in replacements.items():
            result = result.replace(key, str(value))

        return result

    @staticmethod
    def _log_execution(
        db: Session,
        trigger: Trigger,
        status: str,
        details: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        error_message: Optional[str] = None,
        task_id: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> TriggerLog:
        """
        Create a trigger execution log entry.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The trigger that was executed
            status: Execution status ("success" or "failed")
            details: Optional execution details
            error_message: Optional error message if failed
            task_id: Optional task ID for deadline reminders

        Returns:
            The created TriggerLog entry
        """
        log = TriggerLog(
            id=str(uuid.uuid4()),
            trigger_id=trigger.id,
            task_id=task_id,
            status=status,
            details=details,
            error_message=error_message,
        )
        db.add(log)
        return log

    # =========================================================================
    # Deadline Reminder Methods
    # =========================================================================

    @staticmethod
    def execute_deadline_reminders(db: Session) -> List[TriggerLog]:
        """
        Check all deadline reminder triggers and send notifications for tasks
        that are within N days of their due date.

        Each task only receives one reminder per trigger configuration.

        Args:
            db: Database session

        Returns:
            List of TriggerLog entries for sent reminders
        """
        logs: List[TriggerLog] = []
        current_time = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
        today = current_time.date()

        # Get all active schedule triggers with deadline_reminder_days
        triggers = db.query(Trigger).filter(
            Trigger.trigger_type == "schedule",
            Trigger.is_active == True,
        ).all()

        # Filter triggers that have deadline_reminder_days configured
        deadline_triggers = [
            t for t in triggers
            if t.conditions and t.conditions.get("deadline_reminder_days") is not None
        ]

        if not deadline_triggers:
            return logs

        logger.info(f"Evaluating {len(deadline_triggers)} deadline reminder triggers")

        for trigger in deadline_triggers:
            try:
                reminder_days = trigger.conditions.get("deadline_reminder_days")
                if not isinstance(reminder_days, int) or reminder_days < 1:
                    continue

                # Calculate the target date range
                # We want to find tasks whose due_date is exactly N days from today
                target_date = today + timedelta(days=reminder_days)

                # Get tasks in this project that:
                # 1. Have a due_date matching the target date
                # 2. Are not deleted
                # 3. Have not already received a reminder for this trigger
                tasks = TriggerSchedulerService._get_tasks_for_deadline_reminder(
                    db, trigger, target_date
                )

                for task in tasks:
                    try:
                        log = TriggerSchedulerService._send_deadline_reminder(
                            db, trigger, task, reminder_days
                        )
                        logs.append(log)
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.error(
                            f"Error sending deadline reminder for task {task.id}: {e}"
                        )
                        error_log = TriggerSchedulerService._log_execution(
                            db=db,
                            trigger=trigger,
                            status="failed",
                            details={
                                "trigger_type": DEADLINE_REMINDER_LOG_TYPE,
                                "task_id": task.id,
                                "reminder_days": reminder_days,
                            },
                            error_message=str(e),
                            task_id=task.id,
                        )
                        logs.append(error_log)

            except Exception as e:
                logger.error(f"Error processing deadline trigger {trigger.id}: {e}")

        if logs:
            db.commit()
            logger.info(f"Processed {len(logs)} deadline reminders")

        return logs

    @staticmethod
    def _get_tasks_for_deadline_reminder(
        db: Session,
        trigger: Trigger,
        target_date,
    ) -> List[Task]:
        """
        Get tasks that need deadline reminders for a specific trigger.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The deadline reminder trigger
            target_date: The date that matches (today + N days)

        Returns:
            List of tasks that need reminders
        """
        # Get IDs of tasks that already received reminders for this trigger
        already_notified = db.query(TriggerLog.task_id).filter(
            TriggerLog.trigger_id == trigger.id,
            TriggerLog.status == "success",
            TriggerLog.task_id.isnot(None),
        ).all()
        notified_task_ids: Set[str] = {t[0] for t in already_notified if t[0]}

        # Use date range comparison for cross-database compatibility
        # target_date is a date object, we need to find tasks due on that date
        target_start = datetime.combine(target_date, datetime.min.time()).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        target_end = datetime.combine(target_date, datetime.max.time()).replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)

        # Query tasks matching criteria
        tasks = db.query(Task).filter(
            Task.project_id == trigger.project_id,
            Task.is_deleted == False,
            Task.due_date.isnot(None),
            Task.due_date >= target_start,
            Task.due_date <= target_end,
        ).all()

        # Filter out tasks that already received reminders
        return [t for t in tasks if t.id not in notified_task_ids]

    @staticmethod
    def _send_deadline_reminder(
        db: Session,
        trigger: Trigger,
        task: Task,
        reminder_days: int,
    ) -> TriggerLog:
        """
        Send a deadline reminder notification for a task.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            trigger: The trigger configuration
            task: The task approaching its deadline
            reminder_days: Number of days before deadline

        Returns:
            TriggerLog entry for this reminder
        """
        actions = trigger.actions if isinstance(trigger.actions, list) else [trigger.actions]
        executed_actions = []
        error_message = None

        try:
            for action in actions:
                action_type = action.get("type")

                if action_type == "notify":
                    TriggerSchedulerService._execute_deadline_notify_action(
                        db, action, trigger, task, reminder_days
                    )
                    executed_actions.append({"type": action_type, "status": "success"})

            status = "success"

        except Exception as e:
            status = "failed"
            error_message = str(e)
            executed_actions.append({"type": "error", "message": str(e)})
            logger.error(f"Error executing deadline reminder for task {task.id}: {e}")

        return TriggerSchedulerService._log_execution(
            db=db,
            trigger=trigger,
            status=status,
            details={
                "trigger_name": trigger.name,
                "trigger_type": DEADLINE_REMINDER_LOG_TYPE,
                "reminder_days": reminder_days,
                "task_title": task.title,
                "due_date": str(task.due_date),
                "actions_executed": executed_actions,
            },
            error_message=error_message,
            task_id=task.id,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _execute_deadline_notify_action(
        db: Session,
        action: Dict[str, Any],
        trigger: Trigger,
        task: Task,
        reminder_days: int,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Execute a notify action for a deadline reminder.

        Args:
            db: Database session
            action: The action configuration
            trigger: The parent trigger
            task: The task with approaching deadline
            reminder_days: Days until deadline
        """
        target = action.get("target", "assignee")
        template = action.get(
            "template",
            "Task '{task_title}' is due in {reminder_days} days"
        )

        # Resolve target user
        target_user_id = TriggerSchedulerService._resolve_deadline_target(task, target)
        if not target_user_id:
            logger.debug(
                f"No target user resolved for deadline reminder, task {task.id}, target '{target}'"
            )
            return

        # Format message with variables
        message = TriggerSchedulerService._format_deadline_template(
            template, trigger, task, reminder_days
        )

        NotificationService.create_notification(
            db=db,
            user_id=target_user_id,
            notification_type="deadline_reminder",
            reference_type="task",
            reference_id=task.id,
            title=f"Deadline Reminder: {task.title}",
            message=message,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def _resolve_deadline_target(task: Task, target: str) -> Optional[str]:
        """
        Resolve notification target for deadline reminders.

        Args:
            task: The task context
            target: Target specification

        Returns:
            User ID or None
        """
        if target == "assignee":
            return task.assignee_id
        elif target == "creator":
            return task.created_by
        elif target == "project_owner":
            return task.project.owner_id if task.project else None
        elif target.startswith("user:"):
            return target.split(":", 1)[1]
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def _format_deadline_template(
        template: str,
        trigger: Trigger,
        task: Task,
        reminder_days: int,
    ) -> str:
        """
        Format message template for deadline reminders.

        Args:
            template: Template string with {variable} placeholders
            trigger: The trigger context
            task: The task context
            reminder_days: Days until deadline

        Returns:
            Formatted message string
        """
        project = trigger.project
        replacements = {
            "{trigger_name}": trigger.name,
            "{trigger_id}": trigger.id,
            "{task_title}": task.title,
            "{task_id}": task.id,
            "{due_date}": str(task.due_date.date()) if task.due_date else "N/A",
            "{reminder_days}": str(reminder_days),
            "{project_name}": project.title if project else "Unknown",
            "{project_id}": project.id if project else "Unknown",
        }

        result = template
        for key, value in replacements.items():
            result = result.replace(key, str(value))

        return result

    @staticmethod
    def evaluate_schedule_triggers(db: Session) -> List[TriggerLog]:
        """
        Main entry point for evaluating all schedule triggers.

        This method runs both cron-based triggers and deadline reminders.
        Should be called every minute by the scheduler.

        Args:
            db: Database session

        Returns:
            Combined list of TriggerLog entries from all evaluations
        """
        all_logs: List[TriggerLog] = []

        # Execute cron-based schedule triggers
        cron_logs = TriggerSchedulerService.execute_scheduled_triggers(db)
        all_logs.extend(cron_logs)

        # Execute deadline reminder triggers
        deadline_logs = TriggerSchedulerService.execute_deadline_reminders(db)
        all_logs.extend(deadline_logs)

        return all_logs