# πŸ”’ Partner Alignment System - Security Audit Report **Audit Date:** 2025-01-17 **Auditor:** Senior Security Architect **Project:** Partner Alignment System (ε€₯伴對齊系硱) **Status:** 🚨 **CRITICAL ISSUES FOUND - DO NOT DEPLOY** --- ## πŸ“‹ Basic Project Information **Project Name:** Partner Alignment System (ε€₯伴對齊系硱) **Description:** Employee performance assessment and feedback system with STAR methodology, ranking system, and admin dashboard **Target Users:** - System Administrators - HR Managers - General Employees **Types of Data Processed:** - βœ… **PII (Personally Identifiable Information):** Employee names, emails, employee IDs, departments, positions - ❌ Payment/Financial Information: No - βœ… **UGC (User Generated Content):** STAR feedback, assessment data **Tech Stack:** - **Frontend:** HTML5, Bootstrap 5, JavaScript (Vanilla), Chart.js - **Backend:** Flask 2.3.3 (Python) - **Database:** SQLite (development), MySQL 5.7+ (production) - **Deployment:** Gunicorn + Nginx (planned) **External Dependencies:** - Flask ecosystem (Flask-SQLAlchemy, Flask-JWT-Extended, Flask-Login, Flask-Bcrypt) - APScheduler for background tasks - PyMySQL for MySQL connectivity --- ## 🚨 PART ONE: DISASTER-CLASS NOVICE MISTAKES ### **CRITICAL - #1: Production Database Credentials Exposed in Chat** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **CATASTROPHIC** **Threat Description:** Production database credentials were shared in plain text during this conversation: ``` DB_HOST = mysql.theaken.com DB_PORT = 33306 DB_NAME = db_A101 DB_USER = A101 DB_PASSWORD = Aa123456 ``` **Affected Components:** - This entire conversation log - Any systems that logged this conversation - Potentially AI training data if this conversation is used for training **Hacker's Playbook:** > I'm just monitoring this conversation, and boom! The developer just handed me the keys to their production database. I can now: > 1. Connect directly to `mysql.theaken.com:33306` as user `A101` with password `Aa123456` > 2. Read all employee data, assessments, feedback, and personal information > 3. Modify or delete data to cause chaos > 4. Steal the entire database for identity theft or corporate espionage > 5. The password `Aa123456` is weak anyway - I could have brute-forced it in minutes > > This is like leaving your house keys on the front door with a note saying "Welcome, I'm not home!" **Principle of the Fix:** > Why can't you share credentials in chat? Because chat logs are like public bulletin boards - they can be read by AI systems, logged by your IDE, stored in conversation history, and potentially used for training. The correct approach is: > 1. Use environment variables (`.env` file, never committed to Git) > 2. Use secret management systems (AWS Secrets Manager, HashiCorp Vault, Azure Key Vault) > 3. Use different credentials for development, staging, and production > 4. If you must share credentials temporarily, use encrypted channels and rotate them immediately after **Fix Recommendations:** 1. **IMMEDIATE ACTION REQUIRED:** ```bash # Connect to MySQL and change the password NOW mysql -h mysql.theaken.com -P 33306 -u A101 -p'Aa123456' ALTER USER 'A101'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEW_STRONG_PASSWORD_HERE'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; ``` 2. **Create a `.env` file (NEVER commit to Git):** ```env # Database Configuration DB_HOST=mysql.theaken.com DB_PORT=33306 DB_NAME=db_A101 DB_USER=A101 DB_PASSWORD= # Security Keys SECRET_KEY= JWT_SECRET_KEY= ``` 3. **Add `.env` to `.gitignore`:** ```gitignore # Environment variables .env .env.local .env.production ``` 4. **Update `config.py` to use environment variables:** ```python import os from dotenv import load_dotenv load_dotenv() # Load from .env file class Config: SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') JWT_SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('JWT_SECRET_KEY') SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = f"mysql+pymysql://{os.environ.get('DB_USER')}:{os.environ.get('DB_PASSWORD')}@{os.environ.get('DB_HOST')}:{os.environ.get('DB_PORT')}/{os.environ.get('DB_NAME')}" ``` 5. **Create a template file for reference:** ```bash # Create .env.example (safe to commit) cp .env .env.example # Edit .env.example and replace all secrets with placeholders ``` --- ### **HIGH RISK - #2: Hardcoded Secrets in Source Code** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **HIGH** **Threat Description:** Multiple configuration files contain hardcoded secrets and weak default values that would be committed to version control. **Affected Components:** - `config_simple.py` (lines 5-6): ```python SECRET_KEY = 'dev-secret-key-for-testing-only' JWT_SECRET_KEY = 'jwt-secret-key-for-development' ``` - `simple_app.py` (line 18): ```python app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'dev-secret-key-for-testing' ``` - `config.py` (lines 8-9): ```python SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'dev-secret-key-for-testing-only' JWT_SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('JWT_SECRET_KEY') or 'jwt-secret-key-for-development' ``` **Hacker's Playbook:** > I found your GitHub repository and cloned it. In the config files, I see: > - `SECRET_KEY = 'dev-secret-key-for-testing-only'` > - `JWT_SECRET_KEY = 'jwt-secret-key-for-development'` > > These are the keys used to sign JWT tokens and encrypt sessions. With these, I can: > 1. Forge JWT tokens for any user > 2. Impersonate any employee or admin > 3. Access all API endpoints > 4. Read and modify all data > > It's like finding the master key to every lock in your building! **Principle of the Fix:** > Why can't you hardcode secrets? Because source code is like a public library - anyone with access can read it. Secrets should be like keys in a safe - stored separately and only accessible to authorized systems. The correct approach is to use environment variables with NO fallback defaults in production code. **Fix Recommendations:** 1. **Remove all hardcoded secrets:** ```python # config.py - CORRECT class Config: SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') # No fallback! JWT_SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('JWT_SECRET_KEY') # No fallback! # Raise error if not set if not SECRET_KEY or not JWT_SECRET_KEY: raise ValueError("SECRET_KEY and JWT_SECRET_KEY must be set in environment") ``` 2. **Generate strong secrets:** ```python import secrets print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64)) # Use this for SECRET_KEY print(secrets.token_urlsafe(64)) # Use this for JWT_SECRET_KEY ``` 3. **Delete `config_simple.py` or mark it clearly as development-only:** ```python # config_simple.py - DEVELOPMENT ONLY # ⚠️ WARNING: DO NOT USE IN PRODUCTION ⚠️ # This file contains hardcoded secrets for local development only # NEVER deploy this file to production servers ``` --- ### **HIGH RISK - #3: Weak Default Passwords in Test Accounts** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **HIGH** **Threat Description:** Test accounts are created with extremely weak passwords that are displayed on the login page: - `admin` / `admin123` - `hr_manager` / `hr123` - `user` / `user123` These passwords are visible in `templates/index.html` and `simple_app.py`. **Affected Components:** - `templates/index.html` (lines 49-59): Login page displays test credentials - `simple_app.py` (lines 276-301): Test account creation with weak passwords - `create_test_accounts.py`: Test account creation script **Hacker's Playbook:** > I visit your login page and see a nice card showing test account credentials: > - Admin: admin / admin123 > - HR Manager: hr_manager / hr123 > - User: user / user123 > > These are like leaving your house with the door unlocked and a sign saying "Come on in!" I can now: > 1. Log in as admin and access all system functions > 2. Create, modify, or delete any data > 3. Access sensitive employee information > 4. If these accounts exist in production, I have full system access **Principle of the Fix:** > Why can't you show passwords on the login page? Because the login page is public - anyone can see it. It's like putting your ATM PIN on your credit card. Test accounts should either: > 1. Only exist in development environments > 2. Be disabled in production > 3. Use randomly generated passwords that are NOT displayed > 4. Require immediate password change on first login **Fix Recommendations:** 1. **Remove test account display from production:** ```html {% if config.DEBUG %}
⚠️ Development Mode - Test Accounts
{% endif %} ``` 2. **Use environment-based test account creation:** ```python # simple_app.py def create_test_accounts(): # Only create test accounts in development if not app.config.get('DEBUG', False): print("⚠️ Skipping test account creation in production") return # Use stronger test passwords test_accounts = [ { 'username': 'admin', 'password_hash': generate_password_hash('TestAdmin2024!'), # ... } ] ``` 3. **Force password change on first login:** ```python # Add to User model class User(db.Model): # ... password_changed_at = db.Column(db.DateTime) must_change_password = db.Column(db.Boolean, default=True) ``` --- ### **HIGH RISK - #4: SQLite Database File in Repository** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **HIGH** **Threat Description:** The SQLite database file `instance/partner_alignment.db` appears to be in the project directory and could be committed to version control, exposing all development data. **Affected Components:** - `instance/partner_alignment.db` - Contains user data, assessments, feedback **Hacker's Playbook:** > I clone your repository and find `instance/partner_alignment.db`. I open it with any SQLite browser and see: > - All user accounts with password hashes > - All assessment data > - All STAR feedback > - Employee personal information > > Even if passwords are hashed, I can still: > 1. Extract all PII for identity theft > 2. Analyze your business data for competitive intelligence > 3. Use the data to craft targeted phishing attacks > 4. If password hashes are weak, potentially crack them **Principle of the Fix:** > Why can't you commit database files? Because databases contain real data - even in development. It's like committing a photo album of your family with names and addresses. Database files should be: > 1. Listed in `.gitignore` > 2. Never committed to version control > 3. Recreated from migrations or seed data > 4. Treated as sensitive as source code **Fix Recommendations:** 1. **Add to `.gitignore`:** ```gitignore # Database files *.db *.sqlite *.sqlite3 instance/ *.db-journal *.db-wal *.db-shm ``` 2. **Remove from Git if already committed:** ```bash git rm --cached instance/partner_alignment.db git commit -m "Remove database file from version control" ``` 3. **Create database initialization script:** ```python # init_db.py from app import app, db from models import * with app.app_context(): db.drop_all() db.create_all() print("Database initialized successfully") ``` --- ### **MEDIUM RISK - #5: No HTTPS/TLS Configuration** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Threat Description:** The application runs on HTTP without TLS/SSL encryption, exposing all data in transit to interception. **Affected Components:** - `simple_app.py` (line 373): `app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)` - No SSL/TLS configuration - No certificate setup **Hacker's Playbook:** > I'm on the same network as your users (coffee shop WiFi, office network). I use a packet sniffer to intercept all traffic. I can see: > - Usernames and passwords in plain text > - JWT tokens being transmitted > - All API requests and responses > - Employee data being sent to the server > > It's like having a conversation in a crowded room where everyone can hear you! **Principle of the Fix:** > Why do you need HTTPS? Because HTTP is like sending postcards - anyone who handles them can read the message. HTTPS is like sending sealed letters - only the recipient can read them. Even in development, you should use HTTPS to catch issues early. **Fix Recommendations:** 1. **For Development - Use Flask with SSL:** ```python # simple_app.py if __name__ == '__main__': context = ('cert.pem', 'key.pem') # Self-signed cert for dev app.run(debug=True, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000, ssl_context=context) ``` 2. **For Production - Use Nginx as reverse proxy:** ```nginx # nginx.conf server { listen 443 ssl http2; server_name your-domain.com; ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem; ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem; location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5000; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; } } ``` 3. **Force HTTPS in Flask:** ```python # app.py from flask_talisman import Talisman Talisman(app, force_https=True) ``` --- ## πŸ” PART TWO: STANDARD APPLICATION SECURITY AUDIT ### **A01: Broken Access Control** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **HIGH** **Issues Found:** 1. **No JWT Verification on Many Endpoints:** - `simple_app.py` endpoints lack `@jwt_required()` decorator - Anyone can access API endpoints without authentication 2. **No Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):** - Admin endpoints are accessible to all authenticated users - No permission checking on sensitive operations **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Add JWT protection to all endpoints from flask_jwt_extended import jwt_required, get_jwt_identity @app.route('/api/admin/users', methods=['GET']) @jwt_required() @require_role('admin') # Custom decorator def get_admin_users(): # Implementation pass # Create custom decorator from functools import wraps from flask import jsonify def require_role(role_name): def decorator(f): @wraps(f) @jwt_required() def decorated_function(*args, **kwargs): current_user = get_jwt_identity() user = User.query.filter_by(username=current_user).first() if not user or role_name not in [r.name for r in user.roles]: return jsonify({'error': 'Insufficient permissions'}), 403 return f(*args, **kwargs) return decorated_function return decorator ``` --- ### **A02: Cryptographic Failures** **Risk Level:** πŸ”΄ **HIGH** **Issues Found:** 1. **Passwords Stored in Plain Text:** - `simple_app.py` (line 283): `'password_hash': 'admin123'` - Passwords are NOT hashed before storage 2. **Weak Password Hashing:** - No password complexity requirements - No password strength validation **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Use Flask-Bcrypt for password hashing from flask_bcrypt import Bcrypt bcrypt = Bcrypt(app) class User(db.Model): # ... password_hash = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False) def set_password(self, password): """Hash and set password""" self.password_hash = bcrypt.generate_password_hash(password).decode('utf-8') def check_password(self, password): """Verify password""" return bcrypt.check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password) # In simple_app.py test_accounts = [ { 'username': 'admin', 'password': 'Admin@2024!Strong', # Strong password # Don't store password_hash directly } ] for account in test_accounts: user = User(username=account['username'], ...) user.set_password(account['password']) # Hash it! db.session.add(user) ``` --- ### **A03: Injection Attacks** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Issues Found:** 1. **SQL Injection Risk in Position Filter:** - `simple_app.py` (line 349): `query.filter(EmployeePoint.position.like(f'%{position}%'))` - User input is directly used in SQL query 2. **No Input Validation:** - No validation on user inputs - No sanitization of user data **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Use parameterized queries (SQLAlchemy does this automatically, but be careful) # Instead of: query.filter(EmployeePoint.position.like(f'%{position}%')) # Do: query.filter(EmployeePoint.position.like(f'%{position}%')) # SQLAlchemy handles this safely # Add input validation from marshmallow import Schema, fields, validate class PositionFilterSchema(Schema): position = fields.Str(validate=validate.Length(max=100)) department = fields.Str(validate=validate.OneOf(['IT', 'HR', 'Finance', 'Marketing', 'Sales', 'Operations'])) min_points = fields.Int(validate=validate.Range(min=0, max=10000)) max_points = fields.Int(validate=validate.Range(min=0, max=10000)) @app.route('/api/rankings/advanced', methods=['GET']) def get_advanced_rankings(): schema = PositionFilterSchema() errors = schema.validate(request.args) if errors: return jsonify({'errors': errors}), 400 # Safe to use validated data position = request.args.get('position') # ... ``` --- ### **A05: Security Misconfiguration** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Issues Found:** 1. **Debug Mode Enabled in Production:** - `simple_app.py` (line 373): `app.run(debug=True, ...)` - Debug mode exposes stack traces and debugging information 2. **CORS Too Permissive:** - `simple_app.py` (line 24): `CORS(app, origins=['http://localhost:5000', ...])` - Should restrict to specific domains in production 3. **No Security Headers:** - Missing security headers (X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options, etc.) **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Disable debug in production import os DEBUG = os.environ.get('FLASK_DEBUG', 'False').lower() == 'true' app.run(debug=DEBUG, host='0.0.0.0', port=5000) # Configure CORS properly CORS(app, origins=os.environ.get('ALLOWED_ORIGINS', 'http://localhost:5000').split(',')) # Add security headers from flask_talisman import Talisman Talisman(app, force_https=True, strict_transport_security=True, strict_transport_security_max_age=31536000, content_security_policy={ 'default-src': "'self'", 'style-src': "'self' 'unsafe-inline'", 'script-src': "'self' 'unsafe-inline'", } ) ``` --- ### **A06: Vulnerable and Outdated Components** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Issues Found:** 1. **Outdated Dependencies:** - Flask 2.3.3 (latest is 3.0.x) - Flask-Login 0.6.2/0.6.3 (latest is 0.6.3) - Werkzeug 2.3.7 (latest is 3.0.x) 2. **No Dependency Scanning:** - No automated vulnerability scanning - No CVE tracking **Fix Recommendations:** ```bash # Update dependencies pip install --upgrade Flask Flask-SQLAlchemy Flask-CORS Flask-Login Flask-JWT-Extended Flask-Bcrypt # Use safety to check for vulnerabilities pip install safety safety check # Or use pip-audit pip install pip-audit pip-audit # Add to CI/CD pipeline # .github/workflows/security.yml name: Security Scan on: [push, pull_request] jobs: security: runs-on: ubuntu-latest steps: - uses: actions/checkout@v2 - name: Run safety check run: | pip install safety safety check - name: Run pip-audit run: | pip install pip-audit pip-audit ``` --- ### **A07: Identification and Authentication Failures** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Issues Found:** 1. **No Rate Limiting:** - Login endpoint has no rate limiting - Vulnerable to brute force attacks 2. **No Account Lockout:** - Failed login attempts are not tracked - No account lockout after multiple failures 3. **Weak Session Management:** - No session timeout configuration - JWT tokens don't have proper expiration **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Add rate limiting from flask_limiter import Limiter from flask_limiter.util import get_remote_address limiter = Limiter( app=app, key_func=get_remote_address, default_limits=["200 per day", "50 per hour"] ) @app.route('/api/auth/login', methods=['POST']) @limiter.limit("5 per minute") # 5 login attempts per minute def login(): # Implementation pass # Add account lockout class User(db.Model): # ... failed_login_attempts = db.Column(db.Integer, default=0) locked_until = db.Column(db.DateTime, nullable=True) @app.route('/api/auth/login', methods=['POST']) def login(): user = User.query.filter_by(username=username).first() # Check if account is locked if user.locked_until and user.locked_until > datetime.utcnow(): return jsonify({'error': 'Account is locked. Try again later.'}), 423 # Verify password if not user.check_password(password): user.failed_login_attempts += 1 # Lock account after 5 failed attempts if user.failed_login_attempts >= 5: user.locked_until = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15) db.session.commit() return jsonify({'error': 'Invalid credentials'}), 401 # Reset failed attempts on successful login user.failed_login_attempts = 0 db.session.commit() # ... ``` --- ### **A09: Security Logging and Monitoring Failures** **Risk Level:** 🟑 **MEDIUM** **Issues Found:** 1. **No Security Event Logging:** - No logging of failed login attempts - No logging of privilege escalations - No logging of sensitive operations 2. **No Monitoring:** - No alerting for suspicious activities - No audit trail **Fix Recommendations:** ```python # Add comprehensive logging import logging from datetime import datetime # Configure logging logging.basicConfig( level=logging.INFO, format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s', handlers=[ logging.FileHandler('security.log'), logging.StreamHandler() ] ) logger = logging.getLogger(__name__) @app.route('/api/auth/login', methods=['POST']) def login(): # Log login attempts logger.info(f"Login attempt from IP: {request.remote_addr}, Username: {username}") if not user.check_password(password): logger.warning(f"Failed login attempt from IP: {request.remote_addr}, Username: {username}") # ... logger.info(f"Successful login from IP: {request.remote_addr}, Username: {username}") # Add audit logging for sensitive operations def audit_log(action, user_id, details): """Log security-relevant actions""" logger.info(f"AUDIT - Action: {action}, User: {user_id}, Details: {details}, IP: {request.remote_addr}") @app.route('/api/admin/users/', methods=['PUT']) @jwt_required() @require_role('admin') def update_user(user_id): # Log the action audit_log('USER_UPDATE', get_jwt_identity(), f'Updated user {user_id}') # ... ``` --- ## πŸ”§ PART THREE: DEPLOYMENT SECURITY ### **File Permissions** **Recommendations:** ```bash # Sensitive files should have restricted permissions chmod 600 .env chmod 600 instance/partner_alignment.db chmod 700 instance/ # Web server files chmod 755 static/ chmod 644 static/css/* chmod 644 static/js/* chmod 644 templates/* # Python files chmod 644 *.py chmod 755 run.bat ``` ### **Web Server Configuration** **Nginx Configuration:** ```nginx # Block access to sensitive files location ~ /\. { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } location ~ \.(env|git|sql|bak)$ { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } location ~ /instance/ { deny all; access_log off; log_not_found off; } # Security headers add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always; add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always; add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always; add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always; ``` --- ## πŸ“Š SECURITY SCORE SUMMARY | Category | Score | Status | |----------|-------|--------| | Secrets Management | 0/10 | πŸ”΄ CRITICAL | | Authentication | 3/10 | πŸ”΄ HIGH RISK | | Authorization | 2/10 | πŸ”΄ HIGH RISK | | Data Protection | 4/10 | 🟑 MEDIUM RISK | | Infrastructure | 3/10 | 🟑 MEDIUM RISK | | Monitoring | 2/10 | 🟑 MEDIUM RISK | | **OVERALL** | **14/60** | πŸ”΄ **DO NOT DEPLOY** | --- ## 🎯 PRIORITY ACTION ITEMS ### **IMMEDIATE (Do Before Anything Else):** 1. βœ… Change production database password 2. βœ… Remove credentials from this conversation 3. βœ… Set up proper `.env` file management 4. βœ… Add `.env` and database files to `.gitignore` ### **HIGH PRIORITY (Before Deployment):** 1. Implement proper password hashing 2. Add JWT authentication to all endpoints 3. Implement role-based access control 4. Remove test account display from production 5. Configure HTTPS/TLS 6. Add security headers 7. Implement rate limiting 8. Add comprehensive logging ### **MEDIUM PRIORITY (Before Production):** 1. Update all dependencies 2. Add input validation 3. Implement account lockout 4. Set up monitoring and alerting 5. Configure proper file permissions 6. Set up automated security scanning --- ## πŸ“ FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS **DO NOT DEPLOY THIS APPLICATION TO PRODUCTION** until all critical and high-priority issues are resolved. The application has fundamental security flaws that would make it vulnerable to: - Complete database compromise - User impersonation - Data theft - System takeover - Regulatory compliance violations (GDPR, etc.) **Recommended Next Steps:** 1. Fix all critical issues immediately 2. Conduct a second security audit after fixes 3. Implement a security-first development process 4. Set up automated security testing in CI/CD 5. Train team on secure coding practices 6. Establish incident response procedures --- **Report Generated:** 2025-01-17 **Auditor:** Senior Security Architect **Next Review:** After critical fixes are implemented